The tread pattern is made up of tread lugs and tread voids. The lugs are the sections of rubber material that make contact with the road and void are the space that are located between the lugs. voids are also called grooves and lugs are also called slots or blocks.The tires tread pattern configurations affect the tire’s traction and noise level.
Width and straight grooves running circumferentially have a lower noise level and high lateral friction. More lateral grooves running from side to side increase traction and noise level.
Figure 1 Tire Tread Pattern
On dry road tire tread reduce grip because they reduce the contact area . This is the reason for using treadless or slick tires at smooth and dry race tracks.
Tire need both circumferential and lateral grooves because the water on the road is compressed into grooves by the vehicle’s weight, providing better traction at the contact area. The tire that without grooves the water would not be able to escape out to the side of the tire , This would cause a thin layer of water to remain between the tire and the road , which cause a loss of friction.
The design of tread pattern may be asymmetric and change form one side to other. Asymmetric patterns are designed to have two or more different fuctions and provide a better overall performance.
The direction tire is designed to rotate in only one direction for maximum performance. Direction tread pattern is designed foe driving on snowy muddy or wet surface. A non – directional tread pattern is designed to rotate in either direction without sacrificing in performance.
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