Quay structures are today successfully protected from impact by ships with the help of rubber fender. This involves large systems of rubber fender to make the fender elastic. Different designs are used such as bonded rubber ring or loose hollow or cylindrical rubber fender. In every case extraordinarily large overall measurements are encountered in individual spring. On the new quay in Puttgarden on the Fehmarnbelt the special form of a loose hollow rubber fender has been chosen. The rubber fender has an outer diameter of 402 mm, a height of 500 mm , a hardness of 70 +/- 5 IRHD and a progressively rising rubber fender characteristic. It can be compressed to maximum of abount 340 mm with an expended force of 700 kN and an expended energy of about 55 kJ.
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